1. When was Old English spoken?
Old English was spoken between the mid-5th century and the mid-12th century.
2. Name 4 language groups which influenced the development of Old English.
- North Germanic. the germanic origins was the most important because it influenced with vocabulary, grammar and sentence structure.
- Latin influenc,It was a lingua franca at that time, besides the christiany influence the latin into the english language.
- Norse Influence. People say this is the second major influence due to the viking invations wich introduced the Scandinavian words.
- Celtic Influence. No less important, they say it could have influenced in the old english syntax.
3. In the Phonology section, name 5 phonetical differences between Old English & Modern English.
1.[dʒ] is an allophone of /j/ occurring after /n/ and when geminated
* For example, senġan "to singe" is [sendʒɑn] < /senjɑn/ < *sangjan
2.# [ŋ] is an allophone of /n/ occurring before /k/ and /ɡ/
* For example, hring "ring" is [hriŋɡ]; [ŋ] did not occur alone word-finally in Old English as it does in Modern English.
3.v, ð, z] are allophones of /f, θ, s/ respectively, occurring between vowels or voiced consonants.
* For example, stafas "letters" is [stɑvɑs]
4.The sequences /hw hl hn hr/ were realized as [ʍ l̥ n̥ r̥].
5. ɣ] is an allophone of /ɡ/ occurring after a vowel or liquid. Historically, [ɣ] is older, and originally appeared in word-initial position
For example, dagas "days" is [dɑɣɑs] and burgum "castles (dative)" is [burɣum]
4. Are there any similarites between Old English and Modern English? Name them.
yes,they can be Vowels, dipthongs and monophtongs
5. In the Orthography section, enlarge the picture of the runic alphabet. How many letters (runes) are there in this alphabet?
In all there are 34 runes.
6. Which epic poem was originally written in Old English?
one example could be beowulf, an anonymous epic poem.
7. In the See Also section, click on: Beowulf. Appoximately when was Beowulf written?
It is suppose to be written between the 8th to the early 11th century.
8. Even though Beowulf was written in England, the story takes place in which countries?
the story takes place in dinamark wich we can see where the kingdom is located and also the origin of beowulf wich is sweeden.
9. In the poem, which 3 antagonists does Beowulf battle or fight against?
the first one could be the battle between beowulf against Grendel.
the second could be where grendel's mother killed beowulf's warriors.
the third one is when beowulf fighted against his own son "the dragon"
10. What happens to Beowulf at the end of the story?
Beowulf had a serious wound because of the fight against the dragon. In the end he died and he was buried in a ship full of tresures by the sea.
11. Who was the author of Beowulf?
Beowulf´s authorship is unknown.
12. What were the titles and the dates of the two film versions of Beowulf?
1. Tittle Beowulf¨ realased on April 1sth of 1999.
2. Tittle Beowulf¨ realased on November 16th of 2007.
:)
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